Cervical Pleura

• The cervical pleura covers the apex of the lung. 
• It rises into the root of the neck, about 5 cm above the first costal cartilage and 2.5 cm above the medial one-third of the clavicle. 
• The pleural dome is strengthened on its outer surface by the suprapleural membrane 
• so that the root of the neck is not puffed up and down during respiration

Relations

Anterior

1. Subclavian artery and its branches

2 Scalenus anterior.

Posterior

Neck of the first rib with the following structures in front of it.

1. Sympathetic trunk 

2. First posterior intercostal vein

3. Superior intercostal artery

4. The first thoracic nerve.

Lateral

i. Scalenus medius

ii. Lower trunk of the brachial plexus.

Medial

1. Vertebral bodies

2. Oesophagus

3. Trachea

4. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

5. Thoracic duct (on left side)

6. Large arteries and veins of the neck.