- The oesophagus is a muscular food passage lying between the trachea and the vertebral column.
- Normally, its anterior and posterior walls are in contact.
- The oesophagus expands during the passage of food by pressing into the posterior muscular part of the trachea.
- The oesophagus is a downward continuation of the pharynx
- begins at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, opposite the lower border of the body of vertebra C6.
- It passes downwards behind the trachea, traverses the superior and posterior mediastina of the thorax, and
- ends by opening into the cardiac end of the stomach in the abdomen.
- It is about 25 cm long.
The cervical part of the oesophagus is related:
a. Anteriorly, to the trachea and to the right and left recurrent laryrngeal nerves.
b. Posteriorly, to the longus colli muscle and the vertebral column.
c. On each side, to the corresponding lobe of the thyroid gland; and on the left side, to the thoracic duct.
The cervical part of the oesophagus is supplied by the inferior thyroid arteries.
Its veins drain into the left brachiocephalic vein.
Its lymphatics pass to the deep cervical lymph nodes.
The oesophagus is narrowest at its junction with the pharynx, the junction being the narrowest part of
the gastrointestinal tract, except for the vermiform appendix.
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